• FluentU
• Indicative 1 Present 3 Past 2 Future
• Conditional 1 Present 1 Past
• Moods - Imperative (order or command) and Subjunctive (doubt or emotion)

Combined Past Tense

Passe2 compose2 Past - avoir form + stem.

• -er verbs: avoir form + stem-e2 permanent
  • nous avons achete2 une voiture we bought a car;
  • ils ont aime2 ton gâteau they liked your cake;
  • tu as visite2 ce musee2 you visited this museum.
• many -ir verbs: avoir form + stem-i.
  • tu as choisi quelle robe which dress did you choose?
• j'ai grandi en Shengzhou, mais maintenant j'habite a4 Calgary I grew up in Shengzhou, but now I live at Calgary.
  • vous avez fini have you finished?
• -prendre verbs
  • tu as pris de belles photos.
  • elle a compris la leçon.
  • j'ai appris un nouveau mot.
• -eindre verbs
  • e2teindre -> avoir e2teint.
• -endre verbs
  • vendre -> avoir vendu.
• irregular
  • vouloir want - il a voulu partir he wanted to leave.
  • pouvoir be able - nous avons pu finir a4 temps.

Past actions of moving or being or changing - e3tre form + stem-e2 change gender and plurality of subject.

• aller, arriver, entrer, sortir, monter go up, descendre go down, rentrer go home, retourner return, venir, devenir, revenir.
  • partir leave -> parti;
  • venir -> venu;
  • descendre -> descendu.
  • je suis alle2 en vacances au Japon I've been to Japan on vacation;
  • Raymonde, tu es alle2e au supermarche2 Julia, did you go to the supermarket?
  • nous sommes alle2s au se2ne2gal we've been to Senegal.
  • elles sont arrive2es a4 la maison they arrived home;
  • tu es arrive2 au bureau you've arrived in the office;
  • le chat est entre2 dans le frigo.
  • il est venu chez moi he came to my home.
  • nous sommes sortis ensemble we went out together.
  • elle est rentre=e chez elle she went back home.
  • elle n'est pas descendue she didn't come down.
  • il est devenu professeur he became a teacher.
  • ils sont monte2s tre4s vite they went up quickly.
• mourir die, naître be born, devenir become, rester stay.
  • nous sommes reste2s a4 Paris pendant trois semaines we stayed in Paris for 3 weeks.
  • ma me4re est ne2e en Chine my mother was born in China.
• reflexive verbs - se lever, se re2veiller, se perdre, s'habiller.
  • me suis leve2; t'es leve2; s'est leve2 I, you, he, she got up.
  • ils se sont perdus they got lost.
  • ils ne se sont pas perdus they did not get lost.
  • nous nous sommes habille2s we got dressed.
  • nous ne nous sommes pas habille=s we didn't get dressed.
• negated elle n'est pas arrivee2.

venir de before the infinitive form to say something just happened.

• nous venons de manger we just ate.
• elle vient de se re=veiller she just woke up.
• ils viennent de faire un ga==teau they just make a cake.

Imperfect

Imparfait Imperfect - describes past - incomplete, habitual, continual.

• +i+
• most verbs' imparfait is to remove -ons from nous form and add the endings
  • pouvoir{pouvais, pouvais, pouvait, pouvions, pouviez, pouvaient} able to.
  • avant, nous n'avions pas de machine a4 laver; mes parents faisaient la cuisine ensemble before, we didn't have washing machine; my parents made the dishes together.
• can mean "was doing" instead of "did".
  • quand j'e2tais a4 l'universite2, j'e2tudiais le français when I was in the university, I studied French.
  • quand tu e2tais e2tudiant, tu habitais a4 Paris when you were a college student, you lived in Paris.
  • quand il e2tait jeune, il aimait e2tudier when he was young, he loved studying.

Combine past and imperfect

Passe2 compose2 and Imparfait - imparfait as background and passe2 compose2 to describe what happened

• nous faisions les devoirs quand notre me4re est rentre2e we were doing our homework when our mother came home.
• il y avait beaucoup de monde dans le magasin quand elle est entre2e there were a lot of people in the store when she came in.
• tu pleurais encore quand je suis arrive2e you were still crying when I arrived.

Future

• +r+
• add demain.
  • je t'appelle demain I will call you tomorrow.
  • on mange ensemble demain we will eat together tomorrow?
  • on se voit la semaine prochaine we will see each other next week?
• related with the infinitive

-er and -ir verbs start with the infinitive and use endings {-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont}.

• parler{parlerai, parleras, parlera, parlerons, parlerez, parleront}.
• finir{finirai, finiras, finira, finirons, finirez, finiront}.
  • tu finiras tes devoirs you will finish your homework.
• partir leave.
  • ils partiront a4 la plage they will go to the beach.
• tu travailleras pendant les vacances you will work during the holidays?

-re verbs drop the e of the infinitive and add endings.

• vendre{vendrai, vendras, vendra, vendrons, vendrez, vendront} sell.
  • elles vendront leur maison they will sell their house.
• attendre wait.
  • tu attendras la re=ponse you will wait for the answer f.
• perdre lose.
  • vous perdrez votre tour you will lose your turn.

some verbs go through a transformation and use same endings: avoir, faire, aller, e3tre, -oir verbs devoir, pouvoir, savoir, vouloir.

• ils auront un examen demain they will have an exam tomorrow.
• qu'est-ce qu'ils feront ce soir what will they do tonight?
• tu iras a4 la campagne dans deux jours you'll go to the countryside in 2 days.
• je serai dans mon jardin I'll be in my garden.
• nous devrons travailler we'll have to work.
• je pourrai finir I will be able to finish.
• tu sauras le faire you'll know how to do it.
• il voudra avoir une re2ponse he will want to have an answer.

Conditional present

• say something politely
• pouvoir{pourrais, pourrais, pourrait, pourrions, pourriez, pourraient}.
• il voudrait du cafe2 he would like coffee.
• vous devriez partir you should leave.

Regular expressions

en train de + infinitive

• in the process of doing.
• je suis en train de manger I'm eating;
• vous e3tes en train de manger you are eating;
• il est en train de prendre une douche he's taking a shower.

While doing

• use en followed by a verb ending with -ant.
  • en sortant, j'ai vu mon voisin while going out, I saw my neighbor.

Will with adv

• on mange ensemble demain will we eat together tomorrow?
• on se voit la semaine prochaine will we see each other next week?